When a bacteria cell wants to alter or replicate its DNA it has four main options to reproduce itself or its offspring into the next generation. They are: Binary Fission, Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction. During the process of Transformation exogenous genetic material from the surroundings are directly taken in and incorporated through the cell membrane. In order for Transformation to work though, all bacterial cells must be in a certain physiological state. The state s referred to as competent. This process happens naturally in certain bacterial cells, as they are already competent. Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. In Transduction a virus may land on a bacterial cell. The virus will then pierce the cell wall with its tail and then insert its own DNA into the bacteriophage. Therefore alerting the genetic material within in that bacterium. The bacteriophage that was recently infected by the virus will then enter temperate cycles called the Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycles.
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